Discover how local community action serves as a vital tool for navigating the complexities of modern drug policy and systemic reform. This article examines the impact of recent executive orders on certain forms of cannabis and some psychedelics, empowering individuals to transform political frustration or confusion into organized, grassroots change.
Key Takeaways
- The Power of Local Action: Meaningful change often begins at the municipal level through grassroots organizing, with the possibility to connect with likeminded individuals across the country and grow to a national scale.
- Medicalization vs. Legalization: Recent executive orders favor a “capitalistic” model of progress, prioritizing patented, pharmaceutical versions of substances while often leaving natural plants and the communities most impacted by the War on Drugs behind.
- The “People-to-Law Pipeline”: To ensure that new policies actually meet community needs, advocates must move from simply “asking for a seat at the table” to actively drafting their own legislation and building coalitions that force political incorporation.
- Psychedelic Passage: Your Psychedelic Concierge — The easy, legal way to find trustworthy psilocybin guides, facilitators, and psychedelic-assisted therapy near you in the United States.
A community organizer by trade, Jason Ortiz is the Director of Strategic Initiatives for The Last Prisoner Project, focusing on policy and advocacy for incarcerated individuals affected by drug laws. He is currently focused on cannabis legalization at the federal level through the Cannabis Unity Coalition, the nation’s largest cannabis advocacy coalition.
He also serves as the Vice President of the Latino Cannabis Alliance and as the Chair of the Policy Committee of the Puerto Rican Psychedelic Collective.
A cannabis justice advocate since he was arrested for smoking on the way to school at age 16, Jason co-founded the Minority Cannabis Business Association and helped draft Connecticut’s 2021 cannabis equity framework.
He is the former Executive Director of Students for Sensible Drug Policy, where he trained students to combat the war on drugs, and has served as the Policy Director for Connecticut for Accessible Psychedelic Medicine and as President of the Connecticut Puerto Rican Agenda, where he mobilized support for Puerto Rico’s independence.
Ever get frustrated by your Governor or local government, or feel like your voice isn’t heard? Or maybe you don’t feel represented by the politicians around you. Don’t you wish you could call up the president and tell him what he’s doing wrong? Well, Jason Ortiz is the person you want to know.
He forces politicians to do things they don’t want to do. Believe it or not, politicians get away with what we let them, and it may feel like we don’t have a voice, but we very much do.
Jason wears many hats, and while we won’t get to learn about them all today, we’ll instead get to focus on the actionable side of government: the intergenerationality of politics and advocacy, the political machine at work, how ideas become reality, and what that process looks like.
Learn from a true agent of change about what you can do to make the world a better place, because it’s true: the power is with the people. By discussing the ins and outs of drug policy and the recent executive orders on cannabis and psychedelics, we hope to help folks find their own path to how to get involved in their communities to change their governments and their laws.
More From Our Guest:
Instagram: @JasonJOrtiz (Any Puerto Ricans looking to get involved in the Puerto Rican Psychedelic Collective can reach out via Instagram)
This article is inspired by our insightful podcast episode hosted by Psychedelic Passage co-founder, Jimmy Nguyen, which you can listen to on all streaming platforms.
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We live in a time of great change. There’s a lot of upheaval and chaos, but also tremendous progress. The dichotomy can be overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be.
Instead of feeling overwhelmed and hopeless, what if we feel empowered to create the future that we want for ourselves and generations after us? What if we can change the world, one local government at a time? Well, guess what? We can.
In the past 15 years, we’ve gone from zero states to 24 states that have legalized recreational cannabis. A whopping 40 states have now legalized medical cannabis. You would think this means that cannabis-related crimes aren’t a big deal anymore, right?
Unfortunately, almost 3,000 Americans are still incarcerated in federal prison for cannabis-related offenses, while there were around 200,000 cannabis arrests last year alone.
This is exactly what we mean by the dichotomy we’re seeing in our society: research is done, and our understanding changes, yet the government is still writing opinion-based or self-serving laws.
If you’re sick of feeling like you don’t have a voice, take a moment to learn about Jason Ortiz’s humble beginnings in the legal and political system, which led him on a lifelong journey to fight for drug policy and the freedom of Americans from harmful and baseless drug policy and enforcement.
Jason Ortiz’s Story
After smoking on the way to school, as he did many times, he was suddenly grabbed by school security and brought into an office where he confessed to his weed smoking, even handing over a couple of joints from his pocket, thinking it wasn’t a big deal. Consequently, he was arrested at 16 years old and threatened with jail time. Expulsion was pending the court’s findings.
He recalls his mother telling the school that his punishment seemed punitive, meaning it was meant to make an example of him by punishing him to the extreme to scare others into not committing the same offense.
They didn’t do it to punish him; they used him as a political tool. This radically changed his perspective on politics and the court system at a very formative age.
As he moved through the court system, he saw other lives ruined over non-violent drug crimes, and he felt the fear that arises when there is a direct threat to one’s freedom, or when one’s freedom is in someone else’s hands, especially being so young.
Luckily, he had access to a lawyer and had a family supporting him, and he was able to avoid prison and complete high school. Others are not so lucky, but this firsthand experience with a corrupt court system sparked a strong interest and passion that he uses today to change these laws.
Back in 1965, the board of Higher Education enacted a law that caused students with drug-related convictions to lose eligibility for federal student aid like Pell grants.
Interestingly, due to activists that came before him, that law was changed in 2005, which allowed Ortiz to receive Pell grants and actually go to college, to in turn help those who would come after him. Now, the law only applies if you get caught while enrolled in college.
When he got to college, he joined Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP), where he later served on its national board.
This story is what made him realize the importance of policy, which is simply the rules the government makes to “guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes“ (that’s the goal, anyway).
Looking at this story, we see how a slight change in one law had a huge impact on communities across the country. It changed the trajectory of Jason’s life, gave him the ability to positively impact lives on an exponential scale, and who knows what other personal stories of success are out there from kids who got a second chance thanks to that policy change.
Many people have been severely negatively impacted at the hands of the War on Drugs, but it’s because of the activism that has come from fighting it that others haven’t suffered even worse consequences.
While the current drug policies frustrate Jason, he has the knowledge, experience, and drive to turn that frustration into action, recognizing the exponential impact the decisions of people in power have over an entire country, thousands of communities, millions of people, good or bad.
Another negative political move that came from the War on Drugs is selective enforcement, which is enforcing certain laws harder in minority communities, skewing arrest numbers, and perpetuating the story that crime is higher in these communities, when in reality it comes down to selective enforcement.
Jason Ortiz’s Work
He isn’t a lawyer or a politician. Ortiz leaned into the passion he got from his personal experience with the legal system and started very small, first learning how to organize local politics on a small stage, working his way up from there.
His impact on a larger stage started when he began teaching politicians how to interact with communities with compassion. Not assuming what they want, but going out and asking them themselves what the communities would actually vote for, and how to implement these ideas.
Interestingly enough, it always came back to the overdose crisis.
Ortiz also knew that when legalization came, people would know what to ask for and what needed to be done, so he made it a point to draft laws that would enact the changes people wanted to see.
“If there is a politician that would say, we’ll pass whatever you want tomorrow, what is it? We have to be able to answer that question.”
A real-world example of this is when he gave such a document to Representative Robin Porter of Rhode Island, who was the chair of the Labor Committee, and she turned it into actual legislation, HB 5866.
The fact that the people created that bill meant that it was theirs. This people-to-law pipeline ensures the right laws are incorporated because it gives power to the voters. Lawmakers can’t make changes that the people won’t vote for.
“We made a decision to say the only way we’re going to get what we want is if we threaten to kill legalization that doesn’t have what we want in it. And we’re going to leverage our relationships with the Black and Latino caucuses of state legislators in every single state. And we’re going to introduce our own bills and we’re going to fight about this.
No more are we asking to be at the table of other people and say like, well, please include this line or that line. No, I’m writing my own bill and you’re going to be forced to incorporate it because you don’t have the votes without me. And that attitude change, right? That tone change radically improved our ability to actually impact the system.” — Jason Ortiz
Doing this on a local level over and over again, with the help of the local communities that tackled it before them, creates an incredible national momentum.
“When I was working in the dispensaries in Colorado, we had so many parents who had uprooted their families to come from Ohio, to come from Texas, to come from the South, because their children were benefiting from medical cannabis, you know, for epilepsy and seizures and a variety of different ailments and medical conditions. These are families who gave up everything to give their kids a chance with something that wasn’t FDA approved, but Colorado served as a pathway for them. ” — Jimmy Nguyen
Ortiz informs us about lowest law enforcement priorities (LLEP), which is when the people in power decide they no longer feel it necessary to enforce a law.
At the municipal level, the city council can tell the local police not to enforce a certain law, thereby becoming an LLEP; however, if the administration changes, the new administration can overrule the previous administration’s wishes and use that law for political gain.
On the other hand, state police generally decide what to enforce and relay their wishes to the city council. Isn’t politics less rigid than you may think? This is why actual policy is so important.
The Last Prisoner Project
Jason Ortiz’s path eventually led him to where he is now, working for the Last Prisoner Project, which is an organization that serves those who are currently incarcerated for cannabis crimes. They offer legal, financial, and advocacy support to help them regain their freedom.
They frequently use clemency, which is the discretionary power of a president or governor to grant mercy to someone facing criminal penalties.
There are a variety of ways one might use clemency, either to pardon an individual of their crimes, to compassionately release someone who’s elderly or dying, or to restore rights that were previously taken away (like the right to own a driver’s license).
For example, The Last Prisoner Project got Governor Westmore of Maryland to use his executive authority to pardon 175,000 past charges on possession and paraphernalia in a single executive order.
“We have our legal team, which deals directly with the paperwork and the court system. Then we have our policy and advocacy team, which is me and my partner, Adrian. We work more in legislatures to expand eligibility for release or expand efforts around expungement and record clearance and other types of reentry support shortening probation and parole.
So we are there to try to change the laws surrounding incarceration. And then we have another team that works directly with the constituents and their families to make sure that they’re taken care of, that their folks understand what the legal process is going through, and are really honest with what is the likelihood of folks being able to get help or not.” — Jason Ortiz on The Last Prisoner Project
They’ve helped provide around 400 different attorneys over the last few years to help folks do their paperwork and saved roughly 200 years of sentences for different folks, not including life sentences.
As we mentioned earlier, the dichotomy of our society’s stance on drug policy is striking, with cannabis offenses concentrated in certain states like Florida, Texas, and Alabama, while California, Colorado, Connecticut, and New York have a very low number of cannabis offenses. Jason calls this “justice by geography”.
They also work to organize the Cannabis Unity Coalition, which pressures government officials to sign on to bills or pass them, or to pressure executive branches like governors. There’s no telling the positive impact this organization has had and will continue to have on families across the country.
Now is the time to get involved in the local policies in your community and help build the future of psychedelic therapy.
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The 2026 Cannabis and Psychedelic Executive Orders
Before we dive in to what this executive order means, let’s review how the government categorizes drugs. Per the DEA, “drugs, substances, and certain chemicals used to make drugs are classified into five (5) distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency potential.”
According to the DEA, Schedule I drugs have a “high potential for abuse and the potential to create severe psychological and/or physical dependence.” As the drug schedule changes, so does the abuse potential and accepted medical value.
Below, we can see how the DEA has categorized each substance:
Schedule I (cannabis, peyote, LSD, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, heroin, MDMA): drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse.
Schedule II (cocaine, methamphetamines, oxycodone, adderall, ritalin, fentanyl): drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous.
Schedule III (ketamine, suboxone, tylenol with codeine, testosterone, anabolic steroids): drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. The abuse potential of Schedule III drugs is less than that of Schedule I and Schedule II drugs. *Now to include FDA-approved cannabis products and state-licensed medical cannabis.
Schedule IV (Xanax, Valium, Ambien, Tramadol, Clonopin): drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.
Schedule V (Robitussin AC, Lyrica, Centroton): drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV, and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. Schedule V drugs are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes.
To put this into perspective, psilocybin-containing mushrooms and heroin are both Schedule 1, while fentanyl is Schedule 2, noting a lower potential for abuse. Interesting, especially since research shows psilocybin-containing mushrooms have a potential of abuse that is more in line with Schedule 4 substances (Johnson et al, 2018).
To add to the story, suboxone has extreme physical withdrawal effects even at low doses, “even patients coming off of ¼ mg of Suboxone have severe withdrawal” (Blum, 2013). Does this not then constitute a severe physical dependency?
It appears that the value in the medical field of each substance outweighs other criteria, but it doesn’t paint an accurate picture of them, especially their dangers or benefits, as seen in research and anecdotally.
How could this be? Let’s not forget that Richard Nixon’s advisor admitted that they used the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 to disrupt the Black Panther Party and the anti-war movement, the same act that created drug scheduling in the first place. It’s almost as if it were used as a political tool instead of a rule to “guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.”
We are at a unique crossroads here because psychedelic medicine isn’t a pill or a daily vitamin, and it works best in a supported environment and as a powerful tool in conjunction with other practices such as talk therapy, IFS, or EMDR.
Their uniqueness requires a classification that isn’t recognized by the DEA, but legislation and enforcement across the country are dependent on the DEA’s classification, so let’s jump into the recent changes that were made to the scheduling of cannabis.
What Does The Rescheduling of Cannabis Mean?
On April 22, 2026, the Attorney General ordered specific cannabis categories to be rescheduled.
The rescheduling of specific cannabis categories does not decriminalize cannabis, and it doesn’t change the penalties if you’re caught with cannabis. Nor does it free anyone from prison. The same laws that applied yesterday still apply today.
Cannabis in plant form is still a Schedule 1 substance.
This executive order changed the scheduling of FDA-approved cannabis medication and any cannabis product that is sold through a state-compliant medical marijuana entity, making any product you buy from a medical marijuana facility now in Schedule III, just like ketamine.
DEA drug scheduling now says that corporate cannabis and a wild or homegrown cannabis plant are two different substances with different potential for abuse and different medical value. This may feel disheartening, but Jason offers a different perspective,
“While the executive order itself really only applied to certain products, the fact that the movement and the politics of the moment forced this to happen speaks volumes of how far we’ve come and now what opportunities we have ahead of us as organizers to push for further reform.” — Jason Ortiz
These policies help shift the rhetoric and the overall public perception of these substances, which can influence future policies that allow greater access. The admission of medical benefits now opens the conversation to politicians, who can choose whether to support it or not.
It’s important to note that the policies need to match the needs of the local community, meaning the flavor of the locale should be incorporated into the legal framework, which is where local communities’ voices come into play.
What Does The Executive Order Pertaining to Psychedelics Mean?
The way this executive order came about wasn’t public pressure, nor was it a long-thought-out plan. All it took was a text from Joe Rogan (backed by at least some research at least) for Donald Trump to sign a new executive order changing the drug scheduling framework for the first time in 56 years.
It was a snap decision, like deciding what to have for breakfast. Regardless, we’re still very grateful it’s here. Below, we’ll explore the individual components of the executive order.
Executive Actions
Now that the door has been symbolically cracked open, organizers and advocates have a big responsibility to keep pushing it open, because there will be many key decisions to make over the next 5-10 years to determine how it gets implemented.
For now, let’s review the executive actions that make up the order.
First, we have FDA Review Prioritization and Right to Try, which provides Commissioner’s National Priority Vouchers to psychedelic drugs that have received a Breakthrough Therapy designation and are in accordance with the criteria of the National Priority Voucher Program, which is a pilot program meant to accelerate FDA approval of drugs and their applications for critical national health priorities.
As of April 2026, the FDA has awarded three of these vouchers: one to Compass Pathways for their psilocybin-based analog COMP390 for treatment-resistant depression, one to Transcend Therapeutics (now owned by Otsuka) for methylone for PTSD, and one to Usona Institute for psilocybin for major depressive disorder.
With this designation, we then see that the federal government, specifically the Department of Health and Human Services, will allocate $50 million for psychedelic research, meant to advance research into psychedelic programs for serious mental health illnesses through federal-state collaboration.
The goal is to partner with State governments that have enacted or are developing programs to advance psychedelic drugs for serious mental illnesses. This is important to the future of drug policy because the fact that the government is spending money to research the healing potential of psychedelics is a basic admittance of their benefits.
Aside from federal funding and technical assistance, data-sharing is a main component of this piece, which allows for the FDA to amass a large data set in a shorter period of time by requiring data sharing across all relevant clinical studies to facilitate the timely evaluation and approval of drugs that meet standards of approval by the FDA.
Next, the FDA and DEA shall facilitate and establish a pathway for eligible patients to access psychedelic drugs, including ibogaine compounds, under the Right to Try Act, but only for FDA-approved applications.
Any substance that successfully completed Phase 3 clinical trials for a serious mental health disorder will be immediately reviewed to further fast-track approval of drugs that meet FDA standards (O’Neil, 2026, April 18th).
Are There Issues With The Executive Orders?
While the medical benefits of psychedelics are starting to become established, there are the problems of FDA approval and patents.
The current model is not decriminalizing psilocybin and is not releasing anyone from prison. It isn’t reinvesting into communities that were impacted, and it’s certainly not protecting indigenous use of psilocybin mushrooms or any of the other substances.
So while it is progress, it is the most capitalistic version of progress imaginable.
Colorado’s psilocybin model is much friendlier to individual use. You can grow psilocybin-containing mushrooms, gift them, and have safe places to partake in ceremonies.
For example, Compass Pathways is running a phase 3 clinical trial on a crystal polymorph analog of psilocybin, which, if approved, leaves natural psilocybin still labeled as a Schedule 1 substance with little therapeutic value and a high chance of addiction. I know, I know, it doesn’t make sense to us either.
In Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the US, the penalty for possession of a Schedule I controlled substance is a mandatory minimum of three years of incarceration. What we’re seeing here is much more akin to restricted medicalization than it is legalization.
This executive order does not create the same accessibility and freedom that the model in Colorado has, which is something we need to remain starkly aware of, as the need for legislation surrounding these substances grows because we have an incredible power to be able to say we are going to co-create the next phase of society when it comes to drugs and drug use.
“I strongly encourage anyone that cares about psychedelics to build a group of people in your community and start writing your own laws and get used to putting things down in very specific detail. Because when you’re able to do that and you create something with a group, like it’s one of the most empowering things is to make a law with a group of people that you know, because you have to very clearly define what you value, what your goals are, how this is gonna look, and how you’re gonna actually get it passed. You have to bring in other folks to join your coalition, to have enough people power to actually get the votes that you need. But when you win, you change society forever.” — Jason Ortiz
This is the moment that we have in front of us. Many of us have been waiting for a moment like this our entire lives, and as the bedrock of the country, we the people are more than capable of making sure we define the future, not corporations.
The Importance of Community Shines Through Again
Over and over again when we hear stories of big psychedelic wins, we see the power of community shine through. We saw it with the combat veterans in the documentary In Waves and War, we see it now with Jason Ortiz’s story, and we have no reason to believe it’s slowing down now.
Wondering what the future holds? Co-create the future instead. Organize your community, voice your needs, and pressure the people that can enact those changes. The time is now.
Si se puede, yes we can.
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Rooting Into the Mycelial Network
To help you stay grounded in the principles of community-led healing and ecological wisdom, we’ve gathered a series of insights into the future of psychedelic medicine. Explore how collective advocacy and ancestral respect are shaping a more equitable path for personal and societal transformation.
- The Catalyst for Social Change: Legal expert Sean McAllister explores how psychedelics act as a tool for cultural transformation, challenging our societal fabric and the “secret wars” of regulation.
- The Foundation of Kinship and Equity: Activist Sutton King discusses the vital importance of Indigenous health equity and the role of “Free, Prior, and Informed Consent” in sustainable medicine work.
- A Beginners Psychedelic Dictionary: Learn what “psychedelic therapy” really means in America, when most of the substances aren’t federally legal.
- The Mycelial Way of Economics: Discover a regenerative “economy of care” that prioritizes community sovereignty and relationship-building over extractive, profit-driven models.
- Not Sure How to Approach Your Doctor?: Not everyone will talk to their primary care doctor about intentional psychedelic use, but if you should need to, we have compiled all you need to know to feel confident moving forward.
- A Complete Guide to Colorado’s Prop 122: Demystify the Natural Medicine Health Act with a deep dive into the legal protections for personal use, community healing, and the future of licensed facilitation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
1. If cannabis is being rescheduled, why are people still in prison for it?
The 2026 Executive Order focuses on rescheduling rather than decriminalization. By moving specific categories (like FDA-approved or state-licensed medical products) to Schedule III, the government is acknowledging medical utility but maintaining the prohibition on the plant itself.
Since the plant remains in Schedule I, the criminal penalties for possession, cultivation, and distribution outside of the corporate-medical system remain unchanged. This creates a “justice by geography” where your freedom often depends on your zip code.
2. What is the difference between “restricted medicalization” and “legalization”?
Restricted medicalization, seen in the recent federal actions, creates a pathway where only patented, pharmaceutical versions of a substance (like a synthetic psilocybin analog) are legal. In this model, the natural version remains a “dangerous” Schedule I substance.
True legalization or decriminalization (like the Colorado model) protects the right of individuals to grow, gift, and use the natural plant or fungi within their community without the requirement of a pharmaceutical intermediary.
3. How can a city council stop arrests if federal and state laws still exist?
This is achieved through Lowest Law Enforcement Priority (LLEP) policies. A municipal government can direct local police departments to make the enforcement of certain drug laws their absolute lowest priority, essentially instructing them to stop using city resources for those arrests.
While this provides immediate relief to a community, it is less “rigid” than policy; a change in local administration can quickly reverse an LLEP and restart enforcement.
4. How does “Selective Enforcement” skew our understanding of crime?
Selective enforcement occurs when police resources are disproportionately concentrated in minority or low-income neighborhoods.
Because the “war” is fought more aggressively in these areas, the resulting arrest data creates a feedback loop that makes it look like crime is higher there, even if drug use rates are the same in affluent neighborhoods.
This data is then used to justify more “punitive” laws, which Jason Ortiz argues are often used as political tools rather than rational public health measures.
5. How can a group of “regular people” actually write a law that gets passed?
It starts with a “People-to-Law Pipeline.” When a community identifies a specific need (such as record expungement or medical access) they can draft a document detailing exactly what they want. By forming a coalition (like the Latino Cannabis Alliance or the Cannabis Unity Coalition), they create “people power”.
When a group represents a significant voting bloc, they can approach legislators with a finished bill and say, “You don’t have the votes to pass your version without us.” This leverages collective influence to force politicians to incorporate community-led values into the final law.
References
Blum, K. (2013). Withdrawal from Buprenorphine/Naloxone and Maintenance with a Natural Dopaminergic Agonist: A Cautionary Note. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 04(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000146
DEA. (2025). Drug Scheduling. Www.dea.gov; United States Drug Enforcement Administration. https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling
Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018). The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act. Neuropharmacology, 142, 143–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012
O’Neil, G. (2026, April 18). Accelerating Medical Treatments for Serious Mental Illness. The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/04/accelerating-medical-treatments-for-serious-mental-illness
